The demolition of homes in Makoko, one of Lagos’ most iconic informal settlements, has reignited debate over urban development, displacement, and social justice in Nigeria’s commercial capital.

Beginning in mid-January 2026, Lagos State authorities carried out demolitions in parts of Makoko, citing safety risks, illegal structures, and urban renewal plans. Officials pointed to hazards such as high-tension power lines, environmental degradation, and lack of formal land titles.

Residents tell a different story. Many say they received little or no notice, no compensation, and no resettlement options. Thousands—mostly fishing families who have lived in Makoko for generations—have been displaced, forced to seek shelter elsewhere amid rising living costs and climate-driven flooding.

On January 28, protests erupted. More than 1,000 residents and supporters marched in Lagos, demanding housing alternatives and an end to forced evictions. Police dispersed crowds using tear gas, injuring at least one protester.

A Continental Urban Challenge

Makoko is not unique. Similar evictions occur across African cities—from Nairobi’s informal settlements to Accra’s coastal communities and Johannesburg’s townships. Rapid urbanization, climate vulnerability, and weak housing policies collide, often leaving the poor with no protection.

Urban experts argue that in-situ upgrading—improving housing and infrastructure without displacement—offers a better solution. Cities like Kigali and Cape Town have experimented with such models, balancing development with dignity.

How Lagos handles Makoko may set a precedent. Inclusive planning could transform informal settlements into resilient communities. Heavy-handed demolitions risk deepening inequality and social unrest.