The United States has formally withdrawn from the World Health Organization (WHO), ending its membership in the global health body after a prolonged and politically contentious process that began during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The withdrawal follows a decision by President Donald Trump’s administration to complete the process of exiting the organization, citing longstanding concerns over the WHO’s handling of the coronavirus outbreak and what U.S. officials described as the agency’s close relationship with China.

Under the rules governing WHO membership, a country’s withdrawal takes effect one year after formal notice is given. The United States submitted its notice in line with these requirements, allowing the exit to be finalized after the mandatory waiting period elapsed.

With the withdrawal now complete, the United States will no longer participate in WHO decision-making bodies, technical committees, or global health coordination mechanisms overseen by the organization. U.S. funding contributions to the WHO have also ceased, and American personnel seconded to the agency have been recalled.

The WHO confirmed the U.S. exit, noting that the United States had been a founding member of the organization since its establishment in 1948 and had historically been one of its largest financial contributors.

The move traces its origins to 2020, when President Trump first announced plans to leave the WHO at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic. At the time, the administration accused the organization of mismanaging the early stages of the outbreak and failing to hold China accountable for delays in reporting the virus.

In July 2020, the United States formally notified the United Nations of its intention to withdraw. However, that initial attempt did not result in a completed exit. In January 2021, the incoming administration of President Joe Biden reversed the decision, rescinded the withdrawal notice, and restored U.S. funding and participation in the WHO.

Years later, following President Trump’s return to office, the withdrawal process was re-initiated. A new executive action directed federal agencies to disengage from the WHO, halt funding, and begin the formal exit procedure in accordance with international rules.

The United States’ departure marks the first time the country has fully exited the World Health Organization. Health experts and international partners have raised concerns about the impact of the move on global disease surveillance, pandemic preparedness, and international health cooperation.

U.S. officials have said the country will continue to engage in global health efforts through bilateral partnerships and alternative international arrangements, rather than through the WHO.

The WHO has expressed regret over the decision, warning that the loss of U.S. funding and expertise could affect global health programs, particularly in developing countries.

With the withdrawal now in effect, the United States is no longer bound by WHO agreements, guidelines, or policy frameworks. Any future re-entry into the organization would require a new application process and approval by WHO member states.

The decision has reignited debate within the United States and internationally over the country’s role in multilateral institutions and its approach to global health governance.